Nearly 1, U. Learn more about our new name and brand — and watch as we evolve throughout Privacy Policy Terms of Use. The Association works collaboratively to advance the field through the development and delivery of standards, accreditation and education programs. AABB is dedicated to its mission of improving lives by making transfusion medicine and biotherapies safe, available and effective worldwide. Blood donations are urgently needed now to ensure blood is available for patients in need.
Make an appointment to donate now. Annual Meeting. National Blood Foundation. AABB Store. My Account. Prospective Members. Current Members. Standards Portal. Accredited Member Tools. Accredited Facilities. Transfusion Medicine. The good news is that the risk of transmitting viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus HIV and hepatitis by blood transfusion had dropped dramatically in the last 25 years.
This is the result of a multi-layered approach to safety. Today, 12 different tests are performed on each unit of blood donated for the following infectious diseases:. Sometimes additional testing is also done for diseases such as cytomegalovirus CMV and West Nile virus. Most patients who receive a transfusion don't suffer any adverse reactions. However, it's still possible for reactions to occur with any blood component.
A reaction can occur at the time of the transfusion or not until weeks or months later. If you notice any of these changes during a transfusion, however slight, alert the nursing staff promptly. Serious complications can be prevented by recognizing a reaction early, stopping the transfusion and limiting the amount of blood given. Although rare, a hemolytic transfusion reaction can occur when transfused red cells are damaged or destroyed. This can result in a drop in blood pressure, bleeding or kidney damage that may be life-threatening.
Some people with leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma and other blood diseases or disorders such as hereditary anemias and aplastic anemia need periodic blood transfusions for several reasons: The disease process itself can sometimes interfere with the normal production of red cells, white cells and platelets in the bone marrow.
For example, almost all patients with leukemia which primarily affects the marrow and blood require some transfusions during their care. Many chemotherapy drugs can temporarily impair blood cell production in the marrow and depress immune system functions. Stem cell transplantation patients receive high doses of chemotherapy, which depletes stores of normal blood cells.
Patients with insufficient blood counts can develop: Anemia low red cells Thrombocytopenia low platelets Leukopenia low white cells, either granulocytes or lymphocytes, or both Doctors take different approaches when deciding if transfusion is appropriate. Blood Components When you receive a transfusion, you won't be getting whole blood. Components that you can receive separately by transfusion are: Red cells Platelets Granulocytes white cells Plasma and cryoprecipitate Gamma globulin Albumin Blood Irradiation A rare but potentially life-threatening complication of transfusion is graft versus host disease , which occurs when a donor's white cells attack the recipient's immune system.
Red Cell Transfusion Low red cell counts anemia , if untreated, can cause weakness, fatigue and, in extreme cases, shortness of breath or rapid heartbeat. Leukoreduction reduces the risks of: Fever and chills after transfusion Not responding to platelet transfusions Transmission of some viral infections such as cytomegalovirus and HTLV-1 If you receive ongoing red cell transfusions, you're at risk of developing iron overload, which, if not treated, can damage your heart and liver.
Platelet Transfusion Platelet transfusions are given to prevent or treat bleeding because of severely low platelet counts thrombocytopenia. Granulocyte Transfusion Granulocytes are a type of white cell. Plasma and Cryoprecipitate Transfusion Fresh frozen plasma FFP , the fluid that carries blood cells, and cryoprecipitate, the portion of the plasma that contains clotting factors often called cryo for short , may be transfused to patients whose blood has abnormal or low levels of blood-clotting proteins.
Intravenous Gamma Globulin Gamma globulins are portions of proteins in plasma that play a key role in preventing infection. Your doctor may want to increase low gamma globulin: If you're undergoing a stem cell transplant To reduce your risk of cytomegalovirus, its immune complications or its treatment Albumin Transfusion Albumin is the most common human blood protein. Blood Transfusion Safety Every patient and doctor is concerned about blood supply safety.
Very rarely, a person may have an allergic reaction to the radioisotope. This may include anaphylaxis if the person is very sensitive to the substance. You will be exposed to a small amount of radiation from the radioisotope. The materials break down very quickly. Almost all radioactivity will be gone within 1 or 2 days. The scanner does not give off any radiation. Most nuclear scans including an RBC scan are not recommended for women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
Scans may need to be repeated over 1 or 2 days to detect gastrointestinal bleeding. Bezobchuk S, Gralnek IM. Middle gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; chap Meguerdichian DA, Goralnick E.
Gastrointestinal bleeding. Tavakkoli A, Ashley SW. Acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. Editorial team.
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